Heating system



Aug. 24, 1943. E. F. CHANDLER HEATING SYSTEM Filed DEC. 24, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 24, 17943 Y LUNlTE-D STATES PATENT QFFICE.

L' Y f 2,327,339 i Y 1V-` l HEATING srsrnivr Y Edward. F. Chandlenroolilyn, N. Yi Application December 24, 194i), Serial No.3'71,516

(e1. 2ersi ii Claims.

.This invention relates to new and useful improvements in heating systems, 'andrelates more particularly to a novel method of heating water for domestic use as well as spaceiheating, and to an improved apparatus-and system for-carrying out the method.y .The principal object of the present inventionis to provide an improved heating system having aV high order of operating eiciency and economy, andI also possessing simplicity of structure and-operation. lAnother object of lthe invention is to provide a heating system of. this characterwhichcan be installed at exceedingly low cost. i

.Still another object of thepresent invention is to provide a heating system which will eieetively and economically operate onreducedload during summer months, While space heating rai diators are inactive, for heating water to loeconsumed` for domestic and other purposes, and which will operate with equal effectivenessv during winter'months for room: or other space.v heating. Y

of heated iiud is cireulatedby thermal-syphon action, a zone in which a portion oizthe uid y that the several component parts thereof, to wit,

the heat-generating element, thecombinedhe'at storage and heat transfer element, and the heatradiating structure, are of unusually small di-` mensions and occupy -a minimum vof space, particularly Vwhen considered in the light of :the large output of heat from the system. 4

Thus, a further object ofthe invention is the provision of an improved'heat-generating element for a fluid system, the element having a far highereiciency than existing hot water heating furnaces. Another object of the invention is the provision of improved heated iiuid storage means of almost miniature proportions, but wherein a considerable amount ofV water inthe domestic circuit may be heated and utilized with-7 out requiring "the addition of heat to the main' circuit. Y Y v 1 1 Yet another object of` the invention is the pro- The systemincludes a circuit'in which 'a loody vision of an improved method of control `fora ldual heating system, that is, onek supplying heat forradiation as well as heated water forfconsumption, wherein the action of restoring heat `to a partially depleted circuit is delayed until a critical reduction has resulted, at which time the heat is rapidly and expeditiously restoredto the circuit. At no time, however, does the heat reduction impair the effective output of the system. #In `other words, a reasonable amount-of hot water may be drawn from the storage tank without upsetting the heat balance andwithy. wait for hot waten out starting the burner in operation. If a large quantity-is withdrawn, however, the `heat balance is rapidly restored, and at no time, within reasonable limits, will-the user be required to l'urthermore, the system is capable of rapid restoration of the heat balance'ior .domestic hot water, lwhether the space .heating element is inactive, running at reduced capacity, or is operating at peak capacity. 'Yet -anotherobject of the invention is'the provision of `a novel combined heat storage and heat .transierdevica` or tanklessV heater, whereinf a heat transfer coil is positioned Awithina heated` fluid storage tank, and water passing Y through the coil furnishes hot water for domestic use. .A heat responsive control element extends into the tank in such a position as to be critically responsive to major i temperature changes as disturb the heat balance of the vsys` tem, but" which permits a moderatelsupply of thehot water `for domestic use to be withdrawn without startingthe burning in operation.

Y The present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of my application Serial No. 312,240,

- .tiledv January, 1940.' Whereas lthe several embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings refer to systems designated primarily for domestic use, itis nevertheless to be understeed that the inyentienisgnot limited to such specie4 embodiments and uses since it may he employed for heating and supplying hot watervto factories, lofts,.b'arracks, any other" typeA of structure` In the drawings: l

Fig.I l is a section taken through the three principal elements. ofthe system comprising the present invention, the several views constituting the iigureA showing certain details of the construction of these three elements. Fig. 2 is .a rearelevation of the burner or heatgenerating'element.

Fig. 3 is a broken side elevationthereo. the

and directly in the radiantheatzone', the heat generator tubes I are positioned. These tubes are `preferably trombone shaped and comprise a plurality `of lower and upper interconnected sections 66' and 61, respectively. Lower sections 66 are desirably spaced to one side of upper sections 51, all as is shown in Fig!4,in order Yto have each component part of the several generator tubes in such a spaced relation as to receive-the maximum heat generated within the combustion chamber. The terminal of lower tube section S6 enters chamber 63 through an opening 68 in thefront wall of outlet header 55,'a'nd lthe terminal of upper section .51 enters the main chamber 1I of outlet header 56 through an aperture'll. A sight opening 14 is formed in front wall 3! of the housing, and a sheet of transparent material'ii, which may be removable, is placed over the opening. The housing is closed at its upper end by means of a cover 11 which may be removable.

Storage tank II supplies the heat transfer for the domestic hot water supply, and if desired an auxiliary domestic ho-t water supply system, un. connected with tank l I; may be provided as shown in Figs. Zand 3. A small cylindrical housing 853 is connected with outlet header 56 by means of l pipe lli, and within such housing 'a U shaped doand uponcondensinggives up heat and returns as water to re-enter the unit through pipe Il l. and then passes up through coils I4 to header 5S in which a water level is maintained, vas indicated by gauge glass Sill.V At the same time circulation of the water takes place from header 56 through pipes 8l, 8! and 83 and back to the unit through pipe lll. The rapid generation of steam is-aided by this circulation of the heated water while' at the same time this impulse induced circulation insures eficient performance of the auxiliary do'- mestic hot water unit or heat exchanger 813.- It will be anpreciatedthatif the heat-generating unit l@ of the presentinvention is employed for a steam, as distinguished from a hot water, heat# ing system. tank I i may, if desired'be eliminated, and domestic hot water unit 8B used solely in its place. Y

For Ordinary domestic purposes storage tank lI may be of a capacity of ten gallons. or there-r abouts, and isA preferably cylindrical in shape, The heat sensitiveA element of aquastat i9 extends axially through the center of the storage tank Y, and is enclosed by, but spaced from, a longitudinally disposedheat-exchange coilv I8 for domestic hot water, which, in the preferred embodiment, includes a helicalcoil comprising an inner portion .'21 and an interconnected'y outer portion 88' spaced therefrom. Outer helical portion may have a diameter roughly one-half the diam-l eter of the tank, and Yinner portion from onequarter to one-third Such diameter. a single coilmay be employed. In the structure illustratedportion 81 is Connected with inlet pipe B9, and outer portion 88 is connected with outlet pipe Sli. Delivery pipe 2U and'return pipe 2l may be positionedV at opposite ends of the tank, and the tank may be coveredl with suitable insulating material (not shown);` By placing the heat sensitive element of the `aquastat in the position shown a reduction of. temperature ofthe water, does not immediately cause a sufficient drop in temperature of the fluid in the main system to actuate aquastat I9, but rather is this response delayed. Y rWater in the circuit may pass directly into a conventional radiator, although it is preferred to use a heat-radiating structure of the type illus@ trated somewhat ,diagrammatically in Fig,v l; This structure includes a generally rectangular housing 96 having'mounted therein a blower 91 operated .by an electric motor or other source of power 98; An opening 99 in one side wall thereof` receives a lterI0,and air entering the housing through the iilter passes into the blower, from VVwhence it is projected upwardly througha fun-` a nelashaped conduit IUI, and through a plurality Ii desired,

of spaced pipes |92 joined at their #terminals by means of headers I53. The heatedair may be distributed throughoutV theY structure by any means known in the art. Room` thermostat 28, previously mentioned in connection with Fig. '1. controls the fan or blower.

The modied heat-generating device illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 includes a generally rectangular housing III), a burnerrllIcommunicating with the combustion chamber-l I2, and the partition I I3 spaced from rear wall ll 4 and defining a pre heating chamber il 5. The combustion gases pass outwardlythrough stack outlet IIIi.v 1n this instance, Coldwater enters through return pipe I2!) and into inlet header I 2|, which'may be formed..

from ashort length of pipe and having a number of spaced apertures in the upper wall thereof. A plurality of pre-:heating tubes |22 are received at their lower ends in such apertures.'

'The` pre-heater tubes I 22 in this instance are shown as having a plurality of integrally formed, radially disposed heat-radiating fingers or'splines, although any other type or tube havingan extended heatnabsorbing surface may be employed. At their upperv ends tubes 122 pass into Van outlet header 425. ,The heat-generating element com; prises a plurality of spaced,Y concentrically disposed tubes i2? and |28, the Vformer beingconnectedwith the upper endsof preheating tubes and being open at their outer ends, as shown. at las.

as shown at and the preheated fluid passes p Outer tube 328 is closed "at its outer end.

outwardly thro-ugh this inner tube into the outer tube, which latter is likewise provided with the integrally formed heat-ra diating fingers I3Z. Thus, vthe partially heated .water passing. outwardly Ltl'u'ough.tube l2? is intensely heated as it passes backwardly a thin film in the area between tubes i217A and IES, This highly heated fluid passes outwardly through outlet pipe ISS.

Thestorage tank l l embodied in the present system is not, Yof course, limited to one of the capacity indicated, since the precisesize of this tank will vary depending upon the normal load and other demands vof the system. YIt will be ap-V parent, however, that this storage tank isVery considerably smaller than s toragetanks generally used in systems thischaracter. Moreover, the relationship between the capacity of the tank to the totalvolurne` ci"V water in the system is very fluid-in coil I3,.due to drawing oil z of the hot' bytheincoming cold. water enteringthei coil, a supersensitive. controlzone. is afforded: forrtheA aquastat. The. totalvolume of Waterin the tank isi sucient. to permit storing. enough heat 4to insure a reasonable supply of domestic hotvvater. at all times. However, rwhen a considerable quantity of hot` WaterA isdrawn, the temperature off thewater enclosed by the coil-:Will be reduced4 sharply and thus'cause theaquastat to function, thereby causingv heated; Water to bev supplied' t0 the tank .to compensate forl the heat carriedod bv the domestic vhot Water. Accordingly, a relatively continuous supply ofA domestic hot. Water may be drawn Without seriously disturbing the heat` balance Within thesystem.' In otherV Words, there isfno loss o time for recovery or waiting-for. the tank to again heat up.

' In a system employing the foregoing improved thermal storage 'tank' With heat-exchange coil therein forV domestic het Water supply, itis quite important. in order to secure the maximum effectiveness, to provide a boilerV or other source of hot Water which is capable of rapidly supplying the heated-duid storage tank When suchhot water is called for by the aquastat. t is-preferredto employ a hot Water generator of the type. shown in Figs. Lor 5; it will nevertheless be understood'that the herein described-thermal storage element may be usedV in connection with a boiler in which Aa relatively large reserve body of water ismaintained ata suitably high temperature and circulated to and from the Ytanli by thermal syphon action. In this instance, hovvevenit is WellY to install a circulating pump in the return limb of the'circuit, Vsuch pump to be under the control ofthe aquastat, so 'as to afforda rapida-nd adequatesupply of heated Water tothe thermalstorage tank to make upthe heat loss dueto withdrawal of domestic hot Water from the coil.

The operation yofy the system Will be largely clear from the foregoing description. The combined volume of uid in the preheating Zone, denned by coils l Al', and in the intense heating zone,

' defined by coils l5, is considerablyless than 'the volume of fluid in the thermal' storagerzone il, small as is this latter VolumeV The high efflciency of transfer of heat from the burner to both coils is evidenced by virtue of the fact that a substantially perfect contraow action is obtained. In othervvords, the heat differential between Ythe heat generated in chamber 35 (Fig. l) and coils l5 containing the pre-heated water is very great, Land these coils absorb the major portion of. suchV heat. The/escaping hot gases travel-` ing dxiv/nwai'dly over the surface of coils ifi are further utilized in the most effective manner possible, and little heat remains when the gases pass out of stack outlet 39.' Thus, the Water is-rapidly circulated through the vheating elementand the heat balance of the system is rapidly restored under any conditions whatsoever.

The water in tank l l. will1 always be maintained at a predetermined temperature, and When domestic Water isremoved from coil i8 or When heat is Withdrawn from the system through radiator i2, and the temperature of the fluid is reduced a predetermined amount, aquastats i9 and 21., respectively, will cause burner i6 to start operating, or to increase` its supply of heat in order to bring the fluid in the system back to the predetermined temperature setting. AccordinglyJ it will bev apparent that reasonable quantities of heated iluid may be Withdrawn from coil I3 from time to time without immediately seriously dis.- turbing the heat balance;

Vshat I claim iszl. Ina. heating system, the combination of av plurality vof elements comprising, respectively, a heat generating Zone, a'heatstorage-zone, a heat radiating zone, mean-s for circulating a uid heat absorber through said zones. means for adding heat to said-huid as it passes through the generating zone, means responsive to changes in the temperature vof saidfluid controlling said means for adding heat, means for utilizing the heat of the fluid in saidradiating and saidv storage zones whereby the temperature oi-said uid is changed,r means comprising a blower for removing heat from the radiating zone, controlling means for the blower comprising athermostat positioned Within the area toibe heated; and means for eliminating the influence of changes in temperature of the fluid in said radiating 'Zone upon said means for adding heat.

2. In' a heating system, the combination of a; heating element, a heat storage element, a heatradiating element, and a fluid heat-absorber delivery pipe and return pipe, means connecting the heating .element with the other two elements, the heating element comprising means for preheating andy means for intensely heating a sufficiently small quantity of the fluid to cause relatively rapid circulation of such fluid through the system during operation of the heating element, the heat storage element being of suil ciently smallrdimensions to cause a major portion of the entire body of fluid inthe system to be circulation during operation of the heating element, said storage clement including a heat transfery element therein for heating vWaterifor domestic use,`and temperature responsive control means positioned in the heat storage element and in vthe return pipe from the heat-radiating element tov independently render he heating element active.

' 3. In a' heating system, the combination of'a heatingV element, a heat storage element, a 'heatradiating element, means for delivering heated' fluid from the heating element to the heat storage and the heat-radiating elements, and means for returning fluid from such elements to the heatingzelement, the heating element comprising means for pre-heatingand means for intensely heating a small quantity of the fluid, the heat storage element being of relatively small dimensions and includinga heat transfer coil therein for heating water fory domestic use, a. plurality of temperature responsive control means to independently render the heating element active, one of such means being so positioned relative to the heat storage element as to be influenced by the temperature of the fluid contained therein, and another of said means being sopositionedrelative to the fluid returning means from the heatv storage and the heat radiating elements as to beV influenced by the temperature of the fluid contained in Veither-'of said elements so long as both elements are receiving heat, and manual means for rendering the-heat-radiating element and the latter temperature-responsive control means inactive.

l. In a dual heating system, the combination of plurality of elements comprising, respectively, a heat storage zone, and a heat radiating zone, means comprising a heat generator for supplying heated fluid to both zones'a pipe from the heat generator for Vdelivering heated fluid toV the heat storage zone and to the heat radiating.`

Vthe heat-radiating Zone, and a pipe for returning cooled iluid to the heat generator from both zones, a heat exchanger in the storage zone for supplying domestic hot water, thermal means in the storage zone responsive to temperature changes due to withdrawal of hot water and causing the generator to supply heated iluid to the storage zone, and means thermally responsive to the temperature reduction of the fluid in the radiating zone for causing the generator to replace heat removed from such Zone.

5. In a dual heating system, the combination of a plurality of elements comprising, respectively, a heat storage zone, and a heat radiating zone, a pipe for delivering heated uid to the heat storage zone and to the heat radiating zone, and pipes for returning cooled iluid from both zones, means comprising a heat generator for supplying heated fluid to both Zones, a heat exchanger in theV storage zone for supplying domestic hot water, and a blower Vfor passing air to be heated through the heat radiating zone, thermal means in the storage zone responsive to temperature changes due to withdrawal of hot water and'causing the generator to supply heated fluid to the storage zone, thermally responsive means in the space to be heated for causing operation of the blower, thus withdrawing heat from the radiating zone to be absorbed by the air in such space, and thermally responsive control means at the junction of the pipes for returning the cooled uid from both spaces, causing the generator to replace heat removed from either zone.

6. In a heating system, the combination of a heating element, a heat storage element, a heatradiating element, and a fluid heat-absorber delivery pipe and return pipe, means connecting the heating element with the other elements, the heating element including a housing, a pre-heating area having a stack outlet, and a preheating coil positioned within such area, a heat-generating area communicating with the pre-heating area, a source of heat and a heat generator tube within such area, whereby the heat source will instensely heat the iluid in the tube and the heated gases will pass around and over the preheating coil and out the stack outlet, a heat transfer coil positioned in the storage element for heating water for domestic use, and temperature responsive control means positioned in the heat storage element and in the return pipe from element to independently render the heating element active.

7. In a dual heating system, the combination of a plurality of elements comprising respectively, a heat storage zone, and a heat radiating zone, pipe means for delivering heated fluid to the heat storage Zone and to the heat radiating zone, and pipe means for returning cooled iluidV from both Zones, heat generating means for supplying heated fluid to both Zones comprising a plurality of chambers having an intercommunicating .opening therebetween, a plurality of preheating coils connected with the return pipe and positioned in one chamber, a plurality of superheating coils and a source of heat positioned in another chamber, the volume of fluid contained in the latter coils being sufliciently small as to convert the latent energy .of the heat into kinetic impulses and cause rapid circulation of fluid through the system, a heat exchanger in the storage zone for supplying domestic hot water, thermal means in the storage Zone responsive to temperature changes due to withdrawal of hot water and causing the generator to supply heated fluid to the storage Zone, and means thermally responsive to the temperature reduction of the fluid in the radiating zone for causing the generatorto replace heat removed from such zone.

8. In a heating system, the combination of a heating element, a heat storage element, a heatradiating element, and a fluid heat-absorber delivery pipe and return pipe means, the heating element including a housing, a plurality of interconnected chambers therein, a pre-heating coil positioned in one chamber, a source of heat and aiheat generator means within the other chamber, said generator means comprising a plurality of elements forming Van inner pre-heating Zone and an outer superheating zone, thereby providing means whereby the highly heated water is forcibly ejected from the generator, a heat transfer coil positioned Within the heat storage element for heating water for domestic use, and temperature responsive control means associated with the heat storage element and with the return pipe to selectively render the heating element active.

9. In a heating system, the combination of a heating element, a heat storage element, a heatradiating element, and a uid heat-absorber delivery pipe and return pipe means connecting the heating element with the other elements, the

prising a substantially cylindrical tank, a helical heat-transfer coil for heating domestic hot water positioned within the tank, the body of iiuid enclosed by the coil being less than the body lying outside the coil and forming a temperature sensitive zone, an elongated heat-responsive control element extending into said Zone, a temperature responsive control element associated with the return pipe from the heat-radiating element, and a circuit connecting each control element with the heating element to selectively render the latter active.

1). A tankless hot water generator including a heat transfer element comprising interconnected inner and outer helical coils, a housing enclosing the coil and having inlet and outlet openings for the passage of heated fluidinto and out of the housing, the volume of the body offluid enclosed by said heat transfer element being less than the volume of fluid surrounding the element, and a heat-responsive control element lying within, but spaced from, the heat transfer element. Y

11. In a device of the class described, the combination of a storage apparatus for heated fluid and a heat transfer element for, domestic hot water supply, comprising a tank having spaced inlet and outlet openings therein, a nuid heat-control mechanism including an elongated heat-responsive element extending from one end wall of the tank axially through a portion of the center thereof, a heat transfer coil positioned longitudinally in the tank and comprising interconnectedinnerand outer helical portions, the inner portion lying adjacent to but spaced from the heat-responsive element, being connected with the inlet of the domestic hot water supply line, the volume of uid enclosed by both inner and outer helical portions being less than the volume surrounding the coil.

EDWARD F. CHANDLER. 

